Sir Mervyn King continues to face sharp criticism

As credit issues rumble on in the UK and the eurozone, the Governor of the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street continues to come under the critical gaze of many

Governor of the Bank of England, Sir Mervyn King, has been the focus of heavy criticism since markets crashed. He has been in his post during some of the most difficult economic times in the UK, but some financiers believe that his actions worsened the crisis. Still others claim that King’s monetary policy may have been a factor in causing the crisis in the first place.

Many industry analysts have said that King’s initial reluctance to take decisive action precipitated the credit crisis in the UK. Others have claimed that he followed the example of former US Fed Res Chairman, Alan Greenspan, by agreeing to slash interest rates, which eventually led to the housing and credit bubbles in their respective countries. Late last year, King was under fire again, as some financiers claimed that his economic forecast remarks were unnecessarily pessimistic and may have contained exaggerated concerns about the markets.

In late 2011, following King’s remarks that the world was facing “an exceptionally threatening environment” and that the UK was still experiencing a “deep financial crisis”, PwC financier, Andrew Sentence, decried the governor’s comments. He commented, “The pronouncements of the Bank of England have done little to reassure the public of business. It could do more to instil confidence. We all recognise there is genuine uncertainty about the Euro, but it is not necessary for the bank governor to exaggerate and overplay these factors.”

Dan Conaghan, author of, The Bank – Inside the Bank of England, claims that King’s unwillingness to accept the gravity of the worldwide financial crisis caused him to make several unwise decisions in the days immediately following the meltdown. Speaking about his overall record, Conaghan said, “Sir Mervyn has been a brilliant economist, but he hasn’t been a brilliant central banker.”

Even stronger criticism has come from other experts who say that King should be stripped of his knighthood for his role in the economic collapse. “If knighthoods are being removed for those held primarily responsible for the debacle, shouldn’t Sir Alan Greenspan and Sir Mervyn King, like the ex-CEO of RBS Fred Goodwin, be stripped of their honours too?” asked Societe Generale global strategist, Albert Edwards. Interestingly, King received his knighthood in June of 2011, years after making the economic decisions that many believe worsened the impact of the crisis on the UK.

Edwards went on to place the bulk of the blame for the economic crisis squarely on the shoulders of King and other central bankers. He claimed, “It is the monetary authorities in both the US and UK who are almost wholly responsible for allowing this lax monetary environment and the boom and bust in their respective economies, not the over-exuberant actions of lenders and borrowers.”

Sir Mervyn King’s term as Bank of England Governor will end in 2013.

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The May – June 2013 Issue

Highest corporate tax
rates in Europe

European countries are scrambling to raise every last penny of funds through taxes. But some countries may have gone too far...

Belgium

Though all business taxes in Belgium can be paid online with little effort and preparation, the rates are still sky-high at 57.7 percent, including a staggering 50.8 percent total rate on profits only in social security contributions.

Belarus

In Belarus, a company spends up to 338 hours annually preparing for and paying ten different taxes and duties. The total tax rate has incredibly been lowered to 60.7 percent, from 117.5 percent in 2008.

France

A company in France pays seven different taxes and duties, the sum of which can amount to 65.7 percent of profits; though President François Hollande has announced a wave of business tax rate cuts coming up.

Estonia

A business in Estonia pays 67.3 percent of profits in tax, 37.2 percent exclusively in social security contributions. The country has gone against the grain in Europe by raising businesses taxes from 48.6 percent in 2008 to the current rates.

Italy

While corporate income tax (IRES) in Italy is limited to 38 percent of taxable profit, a company operating in Italy can expect to pay 14 other taxes and duties, including social security contributions, bringing their total payable tax to 68.7 percent of profits, according to the World Bank.

Norway

Norway taxes motor fuels twice, with a road use tax and a CO2 emissions tax. Combined with strikes in the energy sector that have curbed output, the price of gas at a local pump has soared to $10.12 per gallon.

Turkey

Though Turkey sits on the Suez Canal and neighbours many oil rich countries, the price of a gallon of average gas clocks in at $9.41 in Turkish pumps, because of a 60 percent share of taxes. 

Israel

Like Turkey, Israel is surrounded by oil-rich neighbours, but drills very little itself. Gas prices are controlled by the government, so about half of the $9.28 per gallon goes to taxes.

Hong Kong

There are few gas stations in Hong Kong, but the ones available charge up to 76 percent more per gallon than mainland China, where the government caps the cost of fuel. A gallon at the pumps will cost around $8.61 on the island.

Netherlands

Expensive labour costs make the Dutch petrol prices the dearest in Europe, at $8.26 per gallon; though the 57 percent tax add-ons don’t help.

The credit crisis

8 February 2007
HSBC warns of subprime mortgage losses

2 April 2007
New Century goes bus

14 September 2007
Wholesale markets have dried up

17 March 2008
Rescue of Bear Stearns

7 September 2008
Rescue of Fannie Mae

15 September 2008
Lehman Brothers file for bankruptcy

3 October 2008
US congress approves $700bn bailout

14 February 2009
$787bn stimulus approved by congress

 

The effects of the current financial crisis are global and irrefutable. With the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the domino effect of irresponsible public monetary policies, huge levels of unsustainable debt, and a deregulated financial sector, has escalated to the point where no corner of the globe has been left untouched.

1973 oil crisis

October 1973
Syria and Egypt launch an attack on Israel on Yom Kippur and set off a twenty day war;

1977
US President Carter creates Department of Energy, which develops the US strategic petroleum reserve

 

The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) used their oil reserves as a weapon with the Arab Oil Embargo against those who supported Israel. By January 1974, world oil prices were four times higher than they were at the start of the crisis, especially in the US, and the shock led to a huge drop in the stock market with NYSE losing $97bn in just six weeks.  The embargo lasted five months, and the effects are still seen today.

German hyperinflation

1922-1923

Hyperinflation
1923 – 1924
Stabilisation

 

The trouble began when Germany missed a repatriation payment, worth about one third of the German deficit in this period. Inflation was already high but by 1923 it was raging. Prices doubled within hours, and by late 1923, it cost 200bn marks to buy a single loaf of bread. People burned money as it was cheaper than buying firewood. Germany eventually regained control of its economy when it introduced the Rentenmark into circulation in 1923, and then the Reichmark in 1924.

The Great Depression

1929-1933
The Great Crash
1934-1939
Recovery and Recession

 

After the decadence of the Roaring Twenties, the 1930s saw the biggest economic slump of all time. The stock market crashed on 29 October 1929, and optimism and decadent living tumbled along with the figures. The GDP fell from $103.6bn in 1929, to $66bn in 1934 and the subsequent years of recovery were the most dramatic in US history.

1907 bankers’ panic

1907
Otto Heinze and his brother Augustus Heinze bought shares of United Copper.

 

The stock market was already cautious over the tight money supply, but the US was thrown into a depression after the stock market fell nearly 50 percent from its peak in 1906. The Heinze brothers thought they could influence market shares but ended up bankrupting lenders that provided the financing to buy the stock. A chain reaction left nine institutions bankrupt. By February 1908, the panic was over and the government created the Federal Reserve system, to prevent banks from exercising too much control over the economy.