World Finance Islamic Finance Awards 2022

S&P Global believes the global Islamic finance industry will expand between 10 and 12 percent in 2021–2022. In its Islamic Finance Outlook report the overall trends are higher digitalisation, fintech collaboration, advancement in the standardisation and integration of the industry, green sukuk and a general positioning toward more sustainable growth. With a promising outlook for the Islamic finance industry, World Finance celebrates those who are going above and beyond for their customers as well as fully unlocking the opportunities toward transformative sustainable growth.

A list of the companies awarded in the World Finance Islamic Finance awards 2022 can be seen below.

 

World Finance Islamic Finance Awards 2022

Best Islamic Bank
Bahrain
Al Salam Bank

Jordan
Jordan Islamic Bank

Kuwait
Kuwait International Bank

Qatar
Qatar Islamic Bank

Saudi Arabia
Al Rajhi Bank

UAE
Emirates Islamic

UK
Gatehouse Bank

 

Best Takaful Insurance
Bahrain
Takaful International Company

Jordan
The Islamic Insurance Company

Kuwait
KFH Takaful Insurance Company

Malaysia
Jubilee General

Qatar
AlKhaleej Takaful Insurance

Saudi Arabia
Tawuniya

UAE
Abu Dhabi National Takaful

 

Individual Awards
Lifetime Achievement in Islamic Banking and Dedication to Community
Sheikh Mohammed Al-Jarrah Al-Sabah, Chairman, Kuwait International Bank

Lifetime Achievement in Financial Technology Innovation
Robert Hazboun, Group CEO & MD, ICS Financial Systems

Business Leadership and Outstanding Contribution to Islamic Finance
H. E. Musa Shihadeh, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Jordan Islamic Bank

Kuwaiti Visionary CEO – Development & Growth Driver
Raed Jawad Bukhamseen,VC & CEO, Kuwait International Bank

 

Special Recognitions
Best Islamic Banking & Finance Software Provider
ICS Financial Systems

Best Customer-focused Islamic Banking Products and Services (Kuwait)
Kuwait International Bank

Best Islamic Bank for Customer Experience
Emirates Islamic

Best Credit Card (UAE)
Etihad Guest Credit Card by Emirates Islamic

Most Connected and Strategically Located Financial Centre (MENA)
Qatar Financial Centre

Most Reliable Participating Insurance Company (Turkey)
Bereket Sigorta

Best Insurance Company for Customer Service Quality (Turkey)
Bereket Sigorta

CSR Excellence and Dedication to the Community (Turkey)
Bereket Sigorta

World Finance Banking Awards 2022

Two years on from the pandemic, the banking sector is facing a sea change in terms of how the workplace is defined, how best to implement technology solutions holistically as well as taking important action on sustainable finance initiatives to address global crises in public health and climate change. The winners of this year’s World Finance Banking Awards are those who are working to a higher purpose and empowering their customers.

A list of the companies awarded in the World Finance Banking awards 2022 can be seen below.

 

World Finance Banking Awards 2022

Best Banking Groups

AustriaBAWAG Group
BruneiBaiduri Bank
ChileBanco Internacional
DenmarkNordea
Dominican RepublicBanco Popular Dominicano
EgyptAAIB
FinlandOP Financial Group
FranceCrédit Mutuel
GermanyCommerzbank
GhanaZenith Bank Ghana
Hong KongHSBC
IsraelIsrael Discount Bank
JordanJordan Islamic Bank
KosovoBKT
MacauICBC (Macau)
NigeriaGuaranty Trust Bank
PakistanMeezan Bank
Saudi ArabiaAl-Rahji Bank

 

Best Investment Banks

BrazilBTG Pactual
ChileBTG Pactual
ColombiaBTG Pactual
Dominican RepublicBanreservas
GeorgiaTBC Bank
GermanyDeutsche Bank
Hong KongJefferies
JordanArab Bank
KazakhstanTengri Partners
KuwaitNational Investments Company
MyanmarUAB Bank
NetherlandsABN AMRO
NigeriaCoronation Merchant Bank
OmanBank Muscat
PakistanHBL
SwitzerlandCredit Suisse
TaiwanFubon Financial
ThailandSiam Commercial Bank
TurkeyICBC
UzbekistanSilk Capital

 

Best Retail Banks

ArgentinaBanco Macro
AustraliaANZ
AustriaBAWAG Group
AzerbaijanAccessBank
BelarusBelarusbank
BelgiumKBC
BrazilNuBank
BulgariaPostbank
CanadaBMO
ChileSantander
ColombiaBanco de Bogota
Costa RicaBAC Credomatic
DenmarkNykredit
Dominican RepublicBanreservas
FinlandOP Financial Group
FranceBNP Paribas
GermanyDKB
GreeceEurobank
HungaryOTP Bank
IcelandLandsbankinn
IsraelBank Leumi
ItalyIntesa Sanpaolo
MacauBank of China
MexicoBanorte
NetherlandsING
NigeriaAccess Bank
NorwayNordea
PakistanMeezan Bank
PanamaBAC Credomatic
PeruBanco de Credito del Peru
PolandMbank
PortugalSantander
South AfricaNedBank
SpainBanco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
Sri LankaSampath Bank
SwedenSEB
TurkeyGaranti BBVA
UAEMashreq Bank
UKLloyds Banking Group
USBank of America
UruguayBanco Santander Uruguay
UzbekistanAsakabank

 

Best Commercial Banks

AustriaRaiffeisen Bank International
BelarusBelagroprombank
BelgiumKBC
CanadaBMO
ChinaICBC
ColombiaDavivienda
Czech RepublicCeska Sporitelna
DenmarkNordea
Dominican RepublicBanreservas
FranceBNP Paribas
GermanyDKB
HungaryOTP Bank
KazakhstanJusan Bank
MacauBank of China
NetherlandsING
NigeriaZenith Bank
NorwayHandelsbanken
PolandmBANK
PortugalBanco Finantia
QatarCommercial Bank of Qatar
Saudi ArabiaAl-Rahji Bank
Sri LankaSampath Bank
SwedenSEB
TurkeyICBC
USBank of the West
VietnamSai Gon J.S. Commercial Bank

 

Most Innovative Banks

EuropeEVO Banco
Latin AmericaBanco Popular Dominicano
Middle EastMashreq
AfricaGT Bank
AsiaShinhan Bank

 

Bankers of the Year

EuropeAli Niknam (Bunq)
Latin AmericaRoberto Sallouti (BTG Pactual)
Middle EastSarah Al-Suhaimi (Tadawul)
AfricaSegun Agbaje (GT Bank)
AsiaIlias Tsakalidis (Tengri Partners)

 

Best Private Banks

AustriaSchoellerbank
BelgiumKBC Private Banking
BrazilBTG Pactual
CanadaBMO
ChileBTG Pactual
Czech RepublicCSOB Private Banking
DenmarkNykredit Private Banking
FranceBNP Paribas Banque Privée
GermanyDeutsche Bank Wealth Management
GreeceEurobank
Hong KongHSBC
HungaryErste Bank
IsraelBank Leumi
ItalyBNL BNP Paribas
LiechtensteinKaiser Partner
MonacoEdmond de Rothschild
NetherlandsING
NigeriaFirst Bank of Nigeria
NorwayNordea
PolandMbank
PortugalBanco Finantia
South AfricaNedbank
SpainBanco Santander
SwedenCarnegie Private Banking
SwitzerlandPiguet Galland & Cie SA
TurkeyTEB Private Banking
UAEAbu Dhabi Commercial Bank
UKHSBC
USJP Morgan Private Bank

 

Additional Recognition

Most Innovative Savings Bank (Greece)Eurobank
Best Cash Management Services (Macau)Bank of China
Most Sustainable Bank (Nigeria)Bank of Industry
Most Sustainable Bank (Turkey)TSKB
Most Sustainable Bank (Dominican Republic)Banco Popular Dominicano

Canadian Pacific on track with hydrogen locomotives

As a provider of sustainable rail and intermodal transportation services connecting North America and the world, Canadian Pacific (CP) is proud to be an industry leader on climate action. A changing climate is the challenge of our generation, and there is a need for new technologies and approaches to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon future. CP is rising to this challenge by continuing to adapt our business and build resilience into our operations to prepare for a low-carbon future.

In North America, shipping goods by rail is the most energy-efficient way to transport freight long distances over land. In 2020, the transportation sector accounted for approximately 27 percent of Canada and US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; however, transportation of freight by rail represented only 2.3 percent sector-wide. Rail is four times more fuel-efficient than highway transportation and generates up to 75 percent less GHG emissions. A single-unit train can keep more than 300 trucks off public roads, benefitting communities and the environment.

Although the freight rail sector already provides one of the most fuel-efficient means of transport, systemic and technological advances are required to decarbonise the industry further. By investing in innovation, encouraging new partnerships, optimising our operations and maintaining a continual focus on the fundamentals of precision scheduled railroading, CP is already taking meaningful steps to drive positive impact. As we envision the future of global supply chains, freight transportation by rail will continue to play a leading role in a low-carbon future.

Climate strategy
The transition to a low-carbon economy presents challenges and opportunities for the transportation sector. To align CP and our stakeholders as we navigate this dynamic change, we published CP’s first Climate Strategy in 2021, charting our approach to managing potential climate-related impacts across the business while capitalising on low-carbon opportunities.

Two science-based GHG reduction targets inform CP’s Climate Strategy to guide our climate action through 2030. Representing our most significant source of emissions, CP has committed to reducing GHG emissions intensity from locomotive operations by 38.3 percent from a 2019 base year. This target pathway aligns with the best available climate science and has been approved by the Science Based Target Setting Initiative (SBTi). To address emissions associated with our rail network infrastructure, including buildings, facilities and work equipment – a small but critical part of our carbon footprint – CP has committed to reduce emissions from non-locomotive operations by 27.5 percent by 2030 from a 2019 base year.

Implementation of the Climate Strategy is led by CP’s Carbon Reduction Task Force and supported by CP’s industry-leading engineers and operations experts. This team is driving internal focus on decarbonisation and evaluating potential levers to reduce GHG emissions, including new technologies, alternative fuels and operating practices. As part of this work, CP is formalising the integration of climate-related risks into our enterprise risk management mechanisms and developing strategies to mitigate risk and increase operational resilience under various climate change scenarios. CP is also focused on industry leadership and partnerships with key stakeholders to implement our Climate Strategy. We recognise that our ability to influence GHG emissions reductions extends beyond our operations. We are committed to advocating and collaborating across our value chain in ways that drive climate action.

Hydrogen locomotive programme
CP has a long history of leading on locomotive fuel efficiency, regularly outperforming our industry peers. Through advancements in deploying locomotive technology, investments in innovation and improvements to operating practices, we have improved fuel efficiency by 44 percent since 1990. This same approach to innovation and focus on efficiency is critical as CP confronts the significant decarbonisation needed to accomplish the objectives of our Climate Strategy.

Freight locomotives are expensive, long-lived assets and are subject to frequent upgrades and refurbishment throughout their useful life. Implementing a practical means to convert diesel locomotives to low carbon emitting operations will be critical to support the demand for freight rail services in the years to come. To address this challenge, CP announced plans in late 2020 to develop North America’s first line-haul, hydrogen-powered locomotive using a combination of hydrogen fuel cells and battery technology to power the locomotive’s electric traction motors. After receiving $15m in funding from Emissions Reduction Alberta in 2021, CP expanded the hydrogen locomotive programme to include the conversion of three line-haul locomotives and the installation of two hydrogen production and fuelling facilities.

Both hydrogen production and fuelling facilities will deploy electrolyser plants to produce hydrogen fuel from water. One of these plants will be located at CP’s Calgary headquarters and will operate on renewable electricity from the 5MW solar farm project which became operational in 2021. This hydrogen production plant will operate on renewable power to produce a zero GHG emissions hydrogen fuel to power CP’s hydrogen locomotive.

As the pilot locomotives become operational, qualification and road and yard testing trials will be conducted to evaluate the technology’s readiness and explore future opportunities for deployment into freight-rail service. With the first locomotive expected to be ready for revenue service in late 2022, this initiative has the potential to lead transformation within the industry and generate critical industry knowledge and experience that will inform future commercialisation.

This globally significant project positions CP at the leading edge of freight sector decarbonisation. CP’s programme is expected to spur innovation, demonstrate climate leadership and encourage supply chain collaboration to expedite the advancement of zero-emissions fuel cell technology for the freight transportation sector.
 

Spotlight on hydrogen power

Hydrogen fuel cell/battery hybrid propulsion technology is being tested worldwide as a viable alternative fuel for the transportation sector with particular promise for long-haul heavy freight transportation systems including rail. Locomotives already operate with hybrid systems using electric traction motors powered by diesel engines. By removing the diesel engine and alternator and replacing it with zero-emissions technology, the existing locomotive platform can leverage the electric input from hydrogen fuel to power the traction motors. Deployed in this way, hydrogen fuel cell technology may be capable of eliminating GHG emissions from locomotive operations. In addition, hydrogen power offers additional environmental benefits including reduced operational noise and vibration and eliminating air emissions generated by diesel-electric engines.

 
Sustainably driven
As we continue integrating sustainability principles into our business, we constantly challenge ourselves to improve our practices. This dedication benefits our employees, suppliers, and the communities in which we operate. Our investments in a more sustainable freight transportation sector also help our customers realise their sustainability objectives.

As CP plans for its proposed combination with Kansas City Southern, which is subject to regulatory approval by the US Surface Transportation Board, to create the first single-line railroad linking the US, Mexico and Canada, we are encouraged by the opportunity to expand the reach of our sustainability efforts and deliver value for our customers and shareholders. This combination is expected to avoid more than 1.5 million tons of GHG emissions within five years due to efficiency improvements and divert 64,000 long-haul truck shipments to rail annually, further eliminating emissions and reducing impacts on highways.

A single-unit train can keep more than 300 trucks off public roads, benefitting communities and the environment

We recognise that we play an important role in aligning with international frameworks and supporting broader sustainability objectives. CP has recently joined the United Nations Global Compact initiative, committing to operate in a sustainable and responsible way that supports human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption.

Considering the goals and targets articulated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), we have examined our sustainability and business strategies to identify where we can make a meaningful impact. We identified five SDGs and 11 supporting targets aligned with our business through this process, where we believe that CP can contribute through internal and external activities.

CP recognises that operating sustainably is imperative to our future growth and lasting success. As we look ahead, we remain committed to confronting sustainability challenges, including those created by climate change, and investing in the innovation and practices needed to achieve long-term sustainable growth.

HYCM: Rethinking affiliate marketing in FX

In some ways, affiliate marketing is an unsung hero. Its siblings, SEO, content marketing and PPC have had the spotlight on them for a long time, while this tried and tested marketing mainstay sometimes doesn’t get the attention it deserves. That is why it is hard to find an affiliate program in the FX space that would tick all the boxes of the lucrative scheme. This is not the case with the HYCM’s partnership programme, HY Affiliates, which has been perfected over the years to deliver results to both the broker and its affiliates.

 

The stats
This is despite the budgets for affiliate marketing growing every year with no sign of the trend slowing down. According to Statista, affiliate marketing is estimated to be worth $12bn globally. Another interesting fact is that back in 2020, affiliate marketing came 7th in LinkedIn Learning’s list of top 10 “hard” skills, citing the “decline of traditional advertising and the rise of social media” as reasons for the current desirability of affiliate marketing skills among employers. According to affiliate network AWIN, at the start of 2020, 25 percent of consumers new to brands made a purchase through an affiliate link. By the height of the pandemic this figure was up to 37 percent and has remained above 30 percent since the reopening.

 

Affiliate marketing as diversification
In the forex industry, while we recognise the value of both affiliates and IBs (introducer brokers), historically it has been IBs that have gained the most traction because these partners tended to bring their own traders with them and were thus regarded as a more reliable source of volumes. Even as SEO and PPC have risen to prominence, it’s something of an open secret that a substantial portion of many FX brokers’ volumes continue to be generated through IB relationships for the above reasons.

At HYCM, we’ve found that developing a modern affiliate marketing strategy is a fantastic way to diversify our volume streams and potentially open up our services to segments that may not be reached via other means. This is because the social media technologies that have evolved since the early days of the Internet have created the ideal conditions for affiliate marketing strategies. Whether it be influencers, niches, or localised messaging that’s your priority, the platforms we now have available to us are ideal for developing all three of these different styles of affiliate marketing.

 

Get your commissions right
Market research is important when it comes to setting your commission structure. Spend some time researching what other brokers in your segment are offering in order to see how you can differentiate your own offering. For instance, in our affiliate program HY Affiliates, we opted to offer up to $1,000 per acquisition. Recognising how competitive CPAs are becoming, we decided to offer commissions in the higher tier of what’s commonly available because we’re confident in the ability of our value-added tools, services and support structure to retain incoming clients once acquired.

In order to further make our affiliate offering stand out, we also decided to make our partnership as flexible as possible. This involves giving our affiliates the choice of revenue share and per-lot rebates as well as the standard CPA model.

 

Manage your affiliates properly
With the above settled, it’s important to understand the importance of affiliate management systems. We can’t stress enough how many affiliate programs fail due to inadequate management. Now we’re not here to debate the virtues of in-house developed or third-party management systems. What we will say, though, is that if you talk to affiliates, irrespective of industry, they all seem to value timely payouts and complete transparency when it comes to reporting.

In other words, your affiliates should be able to know exactly what the state of their account is with you at any given time, which includes up to-the-minute conversion data. Also, there should be zero friction for them when it comes to withdrawing their commissions. The easier you make this process for them, the more likely they are to stay with you, and the likelier you are to attract more affiliates to your cause.

 

Final thoughts
Never forget that affiliates are spoilt for choice nowadays irrespective of industry. You’re not doing anyone any favours by merely offering commissions. You must work hard to make your offering competitive, but also to show that you value these people as partners that are part of your organisation’s success.

That is why choosing to partner with one of the most reliable and established global forex brokers such as HYCM by joining our affiliate program HY Affiliates, our affiliates benefit not only from the possibility to introduce their clients to the exciting and fast-growing world of online trading but also from the opportunity to earn high levels of commission and to generate high conversion rates with their traffic.

 

The disruptive recruitment philosophy proving a success

As the pandemic slowly retreats, it has left countless companies around the world short of the talent necessary to take fast-emerging opportunities that have arisen in its wake.

Simultaneously though, many senior executives are unwilling to leave permanent positions for new opportunities until the economic horizon brightens.

Just as crucially, the economic damage wrought by Covid-19 and, now, the war in Ukraine, means many companies urgently need prompt investment. And none more so than start-ups and SMEs, historically the most vulnerable to crises.

Clearly, the demand for executive talent has never been greater and, in its twentieth anniversary, global recruitment agency CEO Worldwide is rising to the challenge with its iCEO platform. First established in 2007 but now more important than ever, iCEO is dedicated to simultaneously plugging the talent and investment gaps in these fast-moving sectors.

It’s an agile platform that provides carefully vetted executives, often with many years of experience in the sector, who also contribute their own capital of up to $1m. The most common amount is $150,000-350,000 and is deployed by nearly 81 percent of arrivals while more than 12 percent bring $350,000-750,000, three percent between $750,000-$1m, and four percent more than $1m.

The number of openings over the next decade will grow by more than a quarter of a million every year

The result is talent plus capital — skin in the game. “It’s a vote of faith in the future of the company,” explains CEO Worldwide’s founder Patrick Mataix. “And it’s a statement of the executive’s commitment. It is an incredible leverage for companies to get a talented and committed executive on board with a limited impact on their profit and loss.”

Once again, CEO Worldwide looks to be ahead of the curve with iCEO. As the firm celebrates an innovative 20 years, it looks back on one ground-breaking initiative after another. Launched in France in January 2002, at first the firm focused on interim management services dedicated to start-ups and venture capitalists in the EU.

The vision was deliberately disruptive. Founder Mataix recalls: “As an entrepreneur regularly using the services of headhunters and consultants, I had been frustrated by the inadequacy of their answers and timing to solve the international problems I was facing daily.”

So right from the start, the firm concentrated on the values he believed were missing in other executive search functions. Action had to be fast, pricing transparent and behaviour flexible. And now, 20 years later, CEO Worldwide offers a full suite of recruitment services that has played a fundamental and important role in distributing executive talent around the world.

In that time the firm expanded in a series of milestones as it responded to urgencies in the market. In 2005, the firm began finding executives for permanent placement. In 2007, original iCEO started to make a growing difference for capital-short companies. Three years later came the name change from CEO Europe to CEO Worldwide, reflecting the firm’s increasingly global reach.

By then it had on its books over 10,000 vetted executives covering 40 countries. In 2013, headquarters was moved from France to the UK where its Top Executive search engine was launched.

It is an incredible leverage for companies to get a talented and committed executive on board with a limited impact on their profit and loss

And today CEO Worldwide can muster a full array of multi-lingual and multi-disciplined talent with a vetted pool of over 20,000 international executives covering nearly all countries and 84 languages. The firm’s clients comprise companies of all sizes from start-ups and SMEs to multinationals.

It’s a measure of the firm’s global footprint that it recently placed a CEO in India for its 1,351-first executive mandate. The firm also boasts 48 ambassadors covering 32 countries. And the vetted pool of iCEO investor-executives alone now tops 3,000, representing a cumulative potential investment exceeding $1bn.

Over the years the firm remained faithful to the original vision. It had to be nimble-footed and react quickly to the demands of the market – in short, client-led. On average it takes just ten days to submit a short list of candidates to the client thanks to a policy of pre-vetting. An in-house video platform allows the client to conduct interviews remotely, which proved to a valuable service during lockdowns and global travel restrictions.

And the pricing model remains a big attraction. CEO Worldwide’s fee structure is highly transparent – for instance, right from the start fees were not linked to total remuneration unlike most competing firms.

ceo worldwide logo

The firm was also ahead of the game with its female executive platform. Now four years old, it anticipated growing pressure from legislators and lobby groups for a more diverse representation in the C-suite. Indeed the platform was launched before European regulations that imposed gender and diversity quotas on boards and steering committees.

A runaway success, the platform boasts a vetted pool of over 3,100 international female executives covering 86 countries and 64 languages. Client firms were quick to jump onboard. An international corporate with over $8bn in turnover retained CEO Worldwide to provide it with top female talent. Other women have been hired in top-level management jobs and as non-executive directors in the US, UK, Switzerland, Germany, France and India among other countries.

As CEO Worldwide has found, the nations that are hungriest for executive talent are those with fast-growing digitised economies. They are headed by France with 763, followed by USA (399), UK (273, India (228) and Germany (185).

And the hungriest industries are those sitting at the leading edge of the digital revolution. CEO Worldwide has placed 959 executives in e-commerce and internet-based companies, 895 in consumer goods, 766 in software and 698 in IT and computer hardware. All of these industries have been turbo-boosted by the pandemic.

Looking ahead, demand for top executives in most corporates including start-ups and SMEs looks to be almost insatiable. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of openings over the next decade will grow by more than a quarter of a million every year as older executives retire. And that’s just in the US.

With its finger on the pulse of global recruitment, CEO World has plenty of insights into the current state of the market. “Many organisations are challenged when looking for executives,” says Mataix. “And that’s despite offering enticing perks and high salaries.” They urgently need people with experience – and especially in technology, the right balance of men and women, and those from minorities. Unfortunately, not enough candidates meet all three criteria.

“Many people who qualify for the first two criteria lack the necessary experience, which drives the current talent shortage,” summarises Mataix. “The current issue faced by the market is there are too few executives with experience looking for placements.”

And that, he says, is particularly true of women. Although CEO Worldwide’s platform is contributing to the availability of female talent, many women are declining offers in the current uncertain environment.

Age however is no barrier. CEO Worldwide is tapping a steady demand for executives over 55 years of age who often take interim or consulting positions where their knowledge and experience provides a perspective and depth that is often lacking, particularly in start-ups. Some of these placements turn out to be so successful that the executive is asked to stay on in permanently.

So clearly, it’s yet another disruptive move by CEO Worldwide.

 

For more information about CEO Worldwide’s services:
https://www.ceo-worldwide.com/

When two cultures collide – how to ensure M&A success

The first big milestone of any merger or acquisition is ‘day one.’ It’s important from this day to have a clear blueprint of how the business will operate which everyone buys into, including how the newly formed organisation will work together. Every detail is important and needs to be well communicated. Getting ‘day one’ right is an important step in creating momentum and credibility, and signalling the future culture.

It’s worth therefore also spending time during the merger and acquisition process assessing the two cultures of the organisations to establish how to knit them together. One way to do this is through a steady cadence of visible acts of change or ‘symbols of change’ such as sharing joint success stories, co-creating a new vision and purpose together or creating a joint set of communications.

But don’t feel you have to resolve every culture difference or issue immediately. It’s impossible from a leadership perspective, and situations inevitably evolve and change over time.

Finally, invest time in building great relationships with the organisation that’s being acquired. This can pay dividends later and will ensure the transition is as seamless as possible. Too often, leadership teams turn inwards and fail to build relationships with their new colleagues. Settling leadership roles early on is key so leaders can help stabilise the rest of the organisation.

Mergers and acquisitions are always a challenge from the perspective of people. But organisations that pay close attention to the culture aspects greatly increase their chances of the deal achieving its full potential.

The current global landscape surrounding mergers

Early in the Coronavirus pandemic, the European Commission (EC)’s Directorate-General for Competition sent the daunting message to businesses that parties should delay their merger notifications where possible. Despite initial obstacles, legislators responded quickly, adapting to the challenges of the pandemic by making merger notification submissions electronic and simplifying procedures to fast-track the review process. In March 2021, the EC launched an impact assessment on policy options for further simplification of merger procedures.

In a September 2020 speech, the European Commissioner for Competition, Margrethe Vestager, covered the pressing issue of EU notification thresholds, a hot topic in competition circles, as national competition authorities had begun advocating for and adopting value-based notification thresholds. The goal of these new mechanisms is mainly to catch so-called ‘killer acquisitions’ — incumbent firms acquiring innovative targets to preempt future competition before the targets are big enough to reach turnover-based thresholds.

Vestager confirmed that value-based thresholds would not be among future measures to prevent this type of deal. Instead, the EC’s Article 22 EUMR new referral policy, effective from March 2021, might be used to address this perceived enforcement gap, as it allows member states to refer to the EC transactions that raise potential competition concerns when the EU notification thresholds are not met. In September 2021, the EC published the policy brief ‘Competition Policy in Support of Europe’s Green Ambition,’ which flagged a particular concern about ‘killer acquisitions’ of companies active in green innovation and suggested the use of the new Article 22 referral policy to tackle the issue.

The EC also appears to be increasingly stringent when it comes to the enforcement of procedural rules. Decisions such as Facebook/WhatsApp, Canon/Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, GE/LM Wind and Altice/PT Portugal have been characterised by the imposition of hefty fines for procedural violations such as gun jumping or the provision of incorrect or misleading information.

European national level
At the national level, the activity of the French Competition Authority (FCA) and of the German Federal Cartel Office (FCO) provides a good example of the developments in competition policy and enforcement. The FCA has recently shifted the focus of its merger control activity toward digital issues. One particularly innovative example is the novel approach of modernising its market definitions to consider the development of online sales in the retail sector. This trend was unequivocally confirmed in the new FCA merger guidelines introduced in July 2020, which now contain a specific section dedicated to online sales.

As for the German FCO, recent practice has shown a trend to extend Phase II proceedings, leading to a significantly longer total review period than the four months German law currently stipulates.

Meanwhile in the UK, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), has taken a rather interventionist approach to merger control. This is evident from its approval of Roche’s takeover of Spark, in which the CMA found that the share of supply test was met, despite the fact that Spark did not have any sales in the UK.

The US focus
On the other side of the Atlantic, antitrust agencies have largely adapted to the challenges created by COVID-19. The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and DOJ have continued to be active in merger investigations and successfully introduced a Hart-Scott-Rodino (HSR) Act e-filing system. In the first quarter of 2021, senators from the Republican and Democratic Parties introduced legislation to alter existing antitrust laws. While from different ends of the political spectrum, the new bills share many similarities. Both create rebuttable presumptions of illegality or harm based solely on the size of the acquirer and increase the focus on enforcement of vertical mergers. While it remains to be seen whether these bills will become law, there has been increased debate on Capitol Hill about overturning existing antitrust laws, exacerbated by the current discourse on under-enforcement in dynamic industries like big tech and pharma.

Nevertheless, both the FTC and the DOJ began 2021 with heightened merger enforcement activity. In January, Visa and Plaid abandoned their planned merger following a DOJ lawsuit alleging Visa had nefarious incentives for the acquisition. The new administration’s first vertical merger enforcement move occurred in February when the DOJ issued Second Requests to Slack and Salesforce. The US agencies have demonstrated a continued focus on transactions involving nascent competitors, as evidenced by the FTC’s challenges to Edgewell Personal Care’s acquisition of razor manufacturer Harry’s, as well as the life sciences merger between Illumina and Pacific Biosciences.

These cases reflect that the agencies are still focused on killer acquisition theories, with the DOJ alleging that Sabre’s acquisition of Farelogix was an attempt to neutralise or eliminate an innovative competitor. Despite the pandemic, the US agencies also released new vertical merger guidelines, which reflect the agencies’ approach to investigating the competitive impact of vertical mergers. Although COVID-19 has been at the forefront of people’s minds, the development of merger control policy and rules worldwide shows that companies looking to take advantage of the disrupted economic environment need to make sure they are abreast of the changes to navigate their way through the uncertainty that still lies ahead.

The transition to sustainable construction

After many years of stagnation, the construction industry is finally expected to grow significantly in the next decade according to the Future of Construction, a report published by Marsh & Guy Carpenter. The report envisages a solid rebound from the COVID-19 outbreak this year, with worldwide construction production increasing by 6.6 percent. Construction spending contributed to 13 percent of global GDP in 2020 and this is expected to rise steadily over the next few years. By 2030, global construction output is expected to increase by 35 percent from today’s levels.

Thanks to governmental measures aimed both at reaching environmental targets and kick starting the economy, construction, which has always lagged behind other sectors from a growth perspective due to critically low margins and consequentially low R&D spending, is seeing a renaissance. Italy, for example, has a commitment to reduce CO2 emissions by 55 percent by 2030, and to zero by 2050 within the European ‘green new deal.’ The construction sector will be pivotal in achieving this goal, as the built environment must be upgraded to be more sustainable.

Meanwhile, the European Union’s ‘next generation EU’ fund will help support recovery of construction in Western Europe with growth forecasts suggesting the sector will expand by 7.9 percent in 2021. Italy will benefit from over €196bn, and 48 percent of this will be spent on construction projects. For example, €68.9bn is destined for ecological transition and 40 percent of this sum (€29.3bn), is intended for energy efficiency and the upgrade of existing buildings.

On the other side of the pond, the US have established the ‘build back better’ programme, which is a projected $7trn COVID-19 relief and stimulus package designed to accelerate economic recovery and for investment in large infrastructure projects proposed by President Joe Biden. It is projected to create 10 million clean-energy jobs.

Sustainability and the circular economy
Climate change and the race to net zero are arguably the greatest challenges that the construction industry is facing. The building and construction industry as a whole is responsible for 40 percent of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions and produces 30 percent of Europe’s waste.

The industry is finally waking up to the importance of proactively addressing climate change concerns and embracing responsibility for its direct and indirect carbon emissions. The major contributors to these emissions are the materials used, as well as the heating, cooling and lighting of buildings and infrastructure. Sustainability is not just a matter of corporate responsibility, but it is good for business – and many companies are investing heavily in sustainable practices not just to be good global citizens, but also because it makes great financial sense.

As construction entrepreneurs, we have a responsibility to lead our industry’s evolution towards the practice of maximum respect for the environment, both in terms of construction methods and the life cycle of the built environment. To achieve this goal, the sector must focus on innovation, sustainability, and the circular economy.

The impact of sustainable objectives
To meet sustainability objectives, it is important to positively impact the life cycle of each project as well as improving building methods. There are many construction techniques available that are less damaging to the environment, and technology and materials choices that make long-term management of an asset more sustainable. The circular economy, for example, is creating added value in the construction industry. According to data from the Italian ‘national association of building constructors,’ the transition to the circular economy system is increasingly becoming a fundamental value for construction companies, with 81 percent of respondents to a recent poll stating that it is key to their future goals.

In Italy, the 110 percent super-bonus is giving a positive boost to the industry as it encourages the private sector to invest in energy efficiency by funding upgrades to existing buildings at no actual cost to their owners. In addition, the use of eco-friendly materials as a standard practice is hugely beneficial in the long term as they do not have an adverse impact on the environment when used and can easily be recycled.

Finally, the use of technology is essential for reducing emissions and preserving the ecosystem. The sector has responded to the COVID-19 outbreak by focusing more heavily on innovation as it is fundamental to respond to the evolving needs of the construction market to ensure the industry’s transformation. The sector will have to adapt to a changing environment and create resilience to the serious effects of climate change. For its part, the construction industry has all the credentials to meet this challenge, enhance its evolution to a green economy and contribute substantially to the revitalisation of the global economy.

Opportunities abound in open banking

The pandemic unleashed unprecedented disruption, a level of global disorder not seen since the Second World War. To put it simply, without the internet, the global economy wouldn’t have survived the pandemic. During all of this, financial services have been at the forefront of a transformation of everything from payments to banking and commerce, as businesses have moved or deepened their online presence.

In our latest research report, The open banking revolution, we found the attitude of European financial executives mirroring this shift, as positive sentiment towards open banking increased from just over half (55 percent) in 2019, to 71 percent in 2021. Its impact at this point should not be understated – 82.8 percent of financial executives also believe that open banking is causing ‘a revolution in the industry.’

But there should be equal parts uncertainty and confidence at this time, as it still remains to be seen how the future will shake out. Many institutions are struggling to implement open banking initiatives at pace. While nearly a quarter (23 percent) believes their business will have completed its open banking objectives within the next five years, the most common view is that it could take up to a decade (39.9 percent) or even beyond (36.9 percent). Institutions that can translate open banking into concrete strategy will be in an optimum position to start realising its benefits sooner. So how can financial institutions best embrace the open banking revolution?

Improving the customer experience
There has never been a better time than the present for businesses to move their open banking strategy beyond compliance efforts. With a revolutionary opportunity at hand, the risk of doing the bare minimum may perhaps be bigger than the risk of experimenting, failing and trying again. Enhanced banking through external APIs can optimise existing product offerings and is the safest and most strategic direction a financial institution can take beyond compliance.

The risk of doing the bare minimum may perhaps be bigger than the risk of experimenting, failing and trying again

Third-party providers (TPPs) continue to play a crucial role in this area – many have developed specialist solutions for micro-segments along the customer journey, from customer acquisition to loyalty. They can therefore provide ample inspiration for banks looking to embrace open banking and strengthen customer experience, whether solo or through working with technological partners.

Stop looking for the killer app
I’ve said multiple times on industry panels and I’ll say it again: the killer app that will disrupt the industry as we know it doesn’t exist – don’t waste time looking for it. The killer app that will drive the adoption of open banking use cases won’t be an app, it will be a collection of services that will enable intuitive and strong customer authentication journeys. Using open banking for a wholesale reinvention of a process or the launch of a new product can be risky, and shouldn’t be the first port of call for financial executives looking to take the plunge.

Tried and tested use cases like automated onboarding, income verification and personal finance management have already been proven to help accelerate and streamline decision-making processes, risk analysis, and the verification of identity, assets and liabilities. Taking advantage of these use cases will ensure that businesses can unlock more value, before pursuing riskier and lengthier use cases that have a longer lead-time for companies to reap the rewards.

Embrace smart partners
The open banking journey is one that financial institutions and fintechs have embarked on hand in hand, and there has already been so much progress. However, it’s not guaranteed that the industry will continue along the same vein. That’s why institutions must continue to partner with specialist fintechs rather than seek solely to develop new competencies in-house. These partnerships can serve a strategically important role for both partners, so it’s important that they are done right. A potential technology partner needs to be carefully scrutinised to ensure they can be onboarded smoothly and securely.

Open banking’s core values of empowering choice, competition and innovation by democratising access to data across financial services are now something the financial services industry has begun to embrace with both hands – whether out of necessity or otherwise. Over the coming decades, it’s safe to assume that these conversations will continue and open finance and open data will become more topical – producing a tailwind for open banking and innovation. We are still at the beginning of the open journey. The institutions set to prosper are those able to translate the open banking opportunity into concrete strategy. Only then will this have been a successful revolution.

The rise of Banking-as-a-Service

For years, we have witnessed the steady rise of fintech companies and neo-banks as financial services are increasingly becoming digitalised. Demand for open banking is growing as more people discover how free access to their banking data can generate innovative embedded finance solutions. Tier one banks that hold pride of place on the high street remain at the heart of financial services. Yet with the commoditisation of banking services, other players can now operate within the space once reserved for these giants.

There is no shortage of firms that want to offer ‘greener banking,’ entrepreneurs that want to build more innovative banking apps, or retailers that want to explore novel ways to lend money to buyers and simplify the customer journey.

The appetite for digital transformation is strong across financial and non-financial businesses alike, and the realisation of these bold plans no longer needs to be constrained by regulatory hurdles. This is where Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) providers come in. They can build bridges between banks and businesses while negating the need for the two to compete with one another. But while opportunity has come knocking, there are important points to consider as banks, brands and BaaS providers form new partnerships.

Don’t sleep on BaaS
The technology behind digital banking is complex, and developing it from scratch is prohibitively expensive for many businesses. This, along with the difficulty of obtaining a banking licence, is a key obstacle for those trying to embed financial services into their digital channels. BaaS allows businesses to develop sleek, customisable financial products that suit their users, and leave the balance sheets and regulatory considerations to the licensed banks. This way the customers get what they need, the innovators are free to pursue their ideas, and the banks benefit from the value chains created. Everybody wins.

The best BaaS providers have the capacity and modular architecture to offer totally bespoke products to different clients

One benefit of this shift is that banking services become more engaging to the end user. Businesses with strong customer loyalty can offer credit during the purchase journey, improving both the experience and the customer’s relationship with the brand through embedded banking services. Demand for these services is being driven in part by the rise of ‘buy now, pay later’ (BNPL) services that are growing at a staggering rate – 39 percent a year – with almost 10 million shoppers in the UK stating they avoid retailers that don’t offer split payment options at checkout. The demand for these services is clear, and it’s up to BaaS providers to keep up momentum.Solutions like no others

A misguided concern with BaaS is that it will eliminate differentiation from the market – that constant intermingling of partnerships and white-label solutions will homogenise all banking products into one. This couldn’t be further from the truth: while third-party solutions enable anyone to offer banking products, the innovation of competing brands and the varying demands of users will lead to a boom of novel products tailor-made for every corner of the market. The best BaaS providers have the capacity and modular architecture to offer totally bespoke products to different clients, cherry-picking the functions they need to meet the demands of their own unique customer base.

This is why now is the time for BaaS providers to shine – those with the best functionality and most agile solutions can fuel major change across multiple sectors. They must be designed to offer easy access to the bank’s critical functions while remaining scalable and extensible. Onboarding clients, creating financial products, and thereafter orchestrating and servicing these products must all be easily achieved through the core banking system. Giving businesses the functionality they need while carefully protecting the bank’s data and adhering to strict compliance requirements is a tight line to walk, but the best BaaS providers are equipped to do it. The industry is crying out for smart, scalable solutions, and BaaS is the tool that will power innovation well into the future.

Closing the digital gap to empower a generation

My mandate is simple: we need to take older people with us into the digital future. I feel that this is a mission that we hold a responsibility to fulfil as a society. What may sound theoretical at first glance has a practical background. Consider how we take for granted many everyday tasks that now require the use of a smartphone, things such as ticketing, banking and retail shopping. We now live in a world that is hard to navigate without a smartphone and as the Internet of Things (IoT) expands, the adoption of smart tech will continue to grow exponentially in all scenarios, leaving those without the use of such devices increasingly excluded.

Further impacted by lockdowns
Across Europe, there are more than 50 million over-65s who are excluded from this new form of always-on communication, and it is our socio-political responsibility to close this widening digital gap between the young and old. The impact of lockdown on this demographic further demonstrates the need for us to do so. As countries across Europe fell into chaos from the pandemic, older people were left feeling isolated and disconnected. Without the right tech and know-how, simple things that are ingrained in everyday life for the younger generations – such as video calls – were not accessible to this important group. The absence of smart technology also meant that when in-person contact was out of the question, online shopping for groceries and ordering prescriptions was not an option for a large segment of this age group. That was a real tragedy.

From my past experience and my journey at emporia I have developed a formula for success. The first step to ensuring continual success is to regularly question your company, its products and services. This is the only way that you can be certain you are serving the end user to the highest standard. My second driver is to set out clear goals and stick to them. This prevents me from ever losing track of my mission. I’ve also found it is so important to be brave and to believe in yourself and your company. For example, before the COVID-19 crisis, I said that we would have a turnover of €100m in 2023. I also repeated this during the crisis. And now, as we start to move forward from the pandemic, I’m holding on to this target. My final step is to define and work to a core set of firm values. I lead emporia on three key principles, which I believe are essential to achieving success: respect, discipline, and competence.

Know your market
In line with this, I am committed to continuously improving our products in ways that will work towards my mission of closing the digital divide. We are committed to research and have numerous collaborations with universities and international academic institutions including Cambridge University. We also invest heavily in local market consumer and behavioural research in all the areas in which we operate. This allows us to better understand the ever-changing wants and needs of our target audience and identify any issues that we need to address.

It is our socio-political responsibility to close this widening digital gap between the young and old

In addition to creating the products best-suited for older users, the emporia strategy also includes training and support. For five years now, we have been developing training methods such as our training books, which are included with every product, and the smartphone driver’s licence to introduce older people to new technology. Prior to the pandemic, 1,000 training courses were held in Germany on a single day by emporia and our retail partners – how amazing is that? We also work with several large banks across Europe to share best practice in training this audience to adopt digital channels such as banking apps.

I feel that I hold my own in an industry that is largely dominated by men. There are few female CEOs and business leaders, especially within the telecommunications space. However, in Europe I am in good company with two amazing women: Ursula von der Leyen, President of the EU Commission, who is the political head of over 447 million EU citizens, and Christine Lagarde, head of the ECB, who is responsible for a balance sheet volume of €569bn.

The global population continues to grow and age. This means that by the year 2051, around 10 billion people will populate this planet, of whom more than two billion will be over 60 years old. I believe that communications technology will leap further forward, and it is possible that smartphones will no longer exist, with our transactions and dialogues made via wearables or other such gadgets. Nobody can foresee the future, but at emporia we are confident of closing the generational digital divide. And I believe we will do so. My motto for life and business is: ‘failure is not an option.’

Robot wars

It was in 1921 that Czech writer Karel Capek coined the term ‘robot’ when writing his play Rossum’s Universal Robots. It is perhaps from these early beginnings that we have developed a general wariness towards technology and a fear of things created in our own image, for in the play, and now a common trope in science fiction, the machines rise up against their masters and bring humankind to the brink of extinction.

We marvel at robots and AI that can mimic lifelike behaviour, but also find them just a little bit disconcerting. Capek’s play, set around the year 2000, was a vision of the future that did not come to pass, though industrial robots were in widespread use by then, having first appeared in the early 60s. It is only in recent years that we have been edging closer to more nuanced applications of robotics and its associated field, AI, that lean towards the kind of mimicry that Capek envisioned.

Holding up a mirror to the face of human existence is fine, so long as it’s not the side of it that engages in war or ethnic cleansing

In June 2020, Boston Dynamics, under ownership of SoftBank, offered up its first commercial product, Spot, a four-legged inspection robot, capable of navigating terrain with ‘unprecedented mobility, allowing you to automate routine inspection tasks and data capture,’ according to the promotional material. A majority stake in the company was then purchased by car manufacturer Hyundai in December that year, so there is a lot of jostling for position in an industry that has the potential to influence a great many markets.

Over a year later, in August 2021, when introducing the Tesla Bot as part of the company’s AI day, Elon Musk said: “Tesla is arguably the world’s biggest robotic company because our cars are like semi-sentient robots on wheels.” He goes on to make the case that the work his company has done to provide his cars with the ability to understand and navigate the world is transferable to a humanoid form, joking to a reception of nervous laughter that the Tesla bot will be designed so that “you can run away from it” and “most likely overpower it.” It introduced just the slightest hint of apprehension when stepping into a future that could be right out of those well-trodden sci-fi storylines. If life does imitate art, then I would hope that artificial life does not imitate us.

A trip to the uncanny valley
For just as we are aware of our capacity for benevolence, we are aware of our shortcomings. Perhaps we are fearful that we will unwittingly teach these to an AI. In building robots we are holding a mirror up to ourselves and to the world. Therefore, when we see four-legged robots moving around as an imitation dog, or Boston Dynamic’s Atlas, a humanoid bipedal robot, perform parkour in a pre-programmed sequence, or even observe the ‘muscles’ of a robot arm flexing, we get a sense of the ‘uncanny valley’ – that feeling of something eerily similar to us, but not necessarily frighteningly so. Because holding up a mirror to the face of human existence is fine, so long as it’s not the side of it that engages in war or ethnic cleansing.

When Spot is mounted with a tactical assault rifle, or when the parkour performing Atlas robots are suited up with Kevlar, then perhaps we might start worrying. Because then, it is less uncanny, and more the stuff of science fiction nightmare.

Prof Stuart Russell, the founder of the Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence at the University of California, Berkeley, speaking to The Guardian newspaper said; “The use of AI in military applications – such as small anti-personnel weapons – is of particular concern” because “those are the ones that are very easily scalable, meaning you could put a million of them in a single truck and you could open the back and off they go and wipe out a whole city.”

Perhaps any anxiety about the machines taking over is premature, but a lean towards adapting robots for military use does set alarm bells ringing. Boston Dynamics has stated in its ethical principles that it is firmly against weaponising robots, but it is not the only robotics company to have built a robot dog. In October, Ghost Robotics unveiled its version with a special purpose unmanned rifle (SPUR) affixed to the top of it, making the unnerving case that dogs are not necessarily a man’s best friend. The module, designed specifically for these robots, comes courtesy of a company called Sword International and has an effective range of 1,200 metres. Of course this does not prove that we are moving towards a future of autonomous killing machines, but it is a worrying development.

The Biden administration has proposed an increase in R&D spending for the Department of Defense to the tune of $112bn, according to figures in the Pentagon’s fiscal year 2022 budget request, the largest such increase on record. A total of $874m would go towards development of artificial intelligence to keep up with its adversaries.

And this is where I believe the crux of the problem lies. Government defence agencies are engaged in a never-ending game of one-upmanship in order to maintain the edge in any future engagement. Many envision robot labour transforming the economy and rendering physical labour a choice for us.
I’m certain that those enthusiastically enlisting for this future hope that it ultimately wins out against our innate predisposition for self-destruction.

Free your mind: mastering psychedelic chemistry

Evidence for the use of plant-based psychoactive drugs can be found in texts spanning hundreds, if not thousands, of years. In book IX of Homer’s Odyssey, Odysseus’s scouts eat what is described as the fruit of the lotus and experience not just a release from all their troubles, but a strong desire to remain where they are, absconding from all sense of duty on their return home from Troy. Over 2,000 years later, Thomas De Quincey’s Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, in which he documented his opium addiction following a bout of toothache while studying at Oxford, said of the drug, that it took him to a place where “the hopes which blossom in the paths of life” are “reconciled with the peace which is in the grave.” Since the ripe seed pod of the opium poppy “resembles the pod of the true lotus” according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, it is possible that both the people of ancient Mesopotamia and De Quincey were experiencing the effects of the same narcotic.

In 1970, President Nixon signed the Controlled Substances Act, which labelled psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin (both of which can be derived from fungi) as Schedule I, which defines them as having ‘no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse’. Opium remains a Schedule II drug, the difference being that while still being highly prone to abuse it does have accepted medical uses. The act brought to an end a leading component of the counterculture movement of the 1960s and effectively closed the door on the psychedelic research that started with LSD in the 1940s and 1950s. The revival for research into the uses of those illicit Schedule I drugs began two decades later and it is only now that we are looking seriously at the potential for the regulation of administering psychedelics for the treatment of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Psychedelics are set to have a major impact on neuroscience and psychiatry in the coming years

In the past few years, clinical trials, such as those that have taken place at Imperial College London, and that involve testing the effects of synthetic forms of Psilocybin, MDMA and LSD, have increased in number as interest from scientists and investors alike has taken hold. What was once considered a scourge on society and what Nixon described as “public enemy number one” is now enjoying something of a renaissance in the field of psychiatry.

In April 2019, Imperial College London opened the world’s first Centre for Psychedelic Research. The centre is led by Dr. Robin Carhart-Harris, who said of the opening: “This new Centre represents a watershed moment for psychedelic science; symbolic of its now mainstream recognition. Psychedelics are set to have a major impact on neuroscience and psychiatry in the coming years.”

Buying back in
The vaccine heroes of the global pandemic, AstraZeneca and Pfizer, among others within Big Pharma, were once more heavily invested in neuropharmacology, helping to bring antipsychotics to the market, which, coincidentally or not, coincided with the first revival of scientific interest in psychedelics in the 1990s.

Large pharmaceuticals may have shied away from central nervous system (CNS) drugs in the past, but according to a report by S&P Global referencing CB Insights, investment in CNS has been on the rise in the last decade: “The second fiscal quarter of 2019 saw $321m in funding toward mental health and wellness companies, a quarterly record for the therapeutic area.” I wonder whether the renewed interest in psychedelics will provide an investment path back into this broad area. Dr. Kaitin, a professor at Tufts University, is quoted in the report, saying: “A better drug for depression or psychosis, or the first real drug to treat Alzheimer’s, that’s going to be a mega, mega blockbuster.” The findings of clinical trials exploring the use of Psilocybin as an effective treatment for major depressive disorders (MDD) suggest that we might be quite close to this.

A research article titled The Economic Burden of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010) by Greenberg, Fournier, Sisitsky, Pike and Kessler has estimated the economic burden of MDD in 2010 at $210.5bn, up from $173.2bn in 2005. This gives some indication of the effect of the 2008 global financial crisis, though of course this is difficult to quantify and one can only imagine what the global pandemic has done for our collective mental health. With MDD estimated to affect over 300 million people worldwide, it might be considered a pandemic within a pandemic. A report on the findings of a randomised clinical trial by Davis, Barrett and May entitled Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder states that: “current pharmacotherapies for depression have variable efficacy and unwanted adverse effects. Novel antidepressants with rapid and sustained effects on mood and cognition could represent a breakthrough in the treatment of depression.”

I’m tempted to conclude that maybe the ancient Mesopotamians were on to something, though perhaps it would be wise to exercise caution. After all, De Quincey suffered with addiction for the rest of his life and Odysseus’s scouts had to be dragged back to their boats. But my concerns are less about regulation or abuse, and more about the mechanisms by which our brain chemistry is altered. As Kaitin said: “the crux of all this is, we don’t have an understanding of the basic mechanism… of a lot of diseases…there are no good models.” This is why continued research and renewed interest and investment from Big Pharma is so important, but I’m quietly optimistic that these new therapeutic drugs could be the mega blockbuster that MDD sufferers are looking for.

The future role of AI in finance

The general consensus appears to be leaning towards the idea that artificial intelligence can replace the role of human financial advisors and therefore, those in the industry must adapt or risk getting left behind. But before jumping to that conclusion, it’s worth exploring some important questions: what’s next, what is needed and who needs it? And, perhaps crucially, whether AI will ever remove the need for human advisors in the financial industry.

AI transforming financial sector
Business leaders have revealed that the use of technology including AI plays a significant role in filling gaps within financial services offerings. Jim Pendergast, Senior Vice President and General Manager at AltLINE by The Southern Bank, has said that AI can improve the consistency of financial advice. “AI is inherently consistent, so it can provide a much narrower picture of what will work and what won’t based on previous information. When it comes to investing, having this level of consistent understanding of the market can help investors make the right choices.”

Cliff Auerswald, the President of All Reverse Mortgage, said in a recent interview that AI could solve questions about potential financial problems and solutions. “While human financial advisors do have some of the best options for financial solutions based on past experiences, AI can provide more research-based information on how people can succeed financially,” Auerswald said. It’s clear that with advancements in technology, even the financial sector has become less human dependent. Personal mobile applications powered by AI and machine learning algorithms have started flourishing in the market, providing additional value over traditional approaches.

AI use cases in finance
As highlighted by Pendergast and Auerswald, the rapid expansion of AI application areas is having a huge impact in the environment that firms are operating in, both externally and internally (see Fig 1). Externally, AI is making it possible to carry out tasks faster and at a lower cost. Internally, AI is shaping companies’ relationships with their customers, other firms and society at large. Pendergast said that some of their clients rely on AI to improve their finances. “We work with small and mid-sized businesses, so we often recommend software that will help them keep track of their finances successfully,” he elaborated.

Auerswald mentioned that his own company occasionally uses AI for their financial advisory. “We don’t know any major organisations that rely solely on AI. Other organisations should give it a shot since they can likely improve their metrics and customers’ experiences over time.” Of course, the pandemic has further accelerated digital transformation in the banking sector, with several financial firms racing to adopt cloud-based technology to deliver a much better service for their clients. An increasing number of financial companies use various different technologies to offer digital online services that have traditionally been provided by mainstays of the financial industry. According to Pendergast, many financial services firms are using AI to detect fraud, predict cash-flow events, create invoices, fine-tune credit scores, conduct cost and benefit analysis, as well as for account creation and goal setup. Other uses include recommendations for investing, rebalancing of portfolios and retirement planning, communication between users for mutual investments, and trading and investing in stocks, bonds and ETFs.

Robo-advisory helps to simplify customers’ user experience and make advisory services accessible to both wealthy customers and investors with lower investable amounts. Robo-advisors are increasing investment activity, especially with the low-budget investor, who generally doesn’t have access to investment advisors.

Continuous 24/7 accessibility, automated rebalancing, and monitoring differentiate robo-advisors from traditional investment advisory services. Customers can access their accounts via user-friendly websites or smartphone applications and make adjustments to their portfolios any time of the day and recalibrate their investments.

Robots can’t replace human interaction
There has been lots of hype about AI and its potential application in the investment advisory process, but implementing such a service model must be evaluated in strict terms that take ethical questions about transparency and responsibility into account. Both Pendergast and Auerswald admitted that the use of AI for personal finance and planning is gaining in popularity and is seen as more accurate as a forecasting tool. However, when it comes to things close to people, they disclosed that financial firms still prefer human financial advisors – this includes buying a house, buying a car and planning for retirement.

Pendergast asserted that AI will likely never truly replace financial advisors. He stated that financial advisors have tools to help increase finances and often explore routes that most people don’t consider, and AI often won’t have the ability to make those distinctions.

Auerswald appears to be in agreement on this point, explaining that human advisors are better able to adapt than AI, though machine learning is narrowing that gap. “Even with all the research that goes into AI, human intelligence can make decisions that are not based on previous activity in the market, making them invaluable,” he stated. In other words, the industry experts don’t believe that AI can replace the role of human financial advisors. They agree that human financial advisors continue to play an important role in counselling individuals about managing expenses in accordance with their income and ways to increase their savings for better investments.

For instance, Pendergast stated that technologies such as AI are better suited to handling day-to-day functions such as opening an account or executing trades than giving advice to clients. AI advisory systems are currently based on products that require little or no active portfolio management. An example of this is ETFs, which do not require active decision-making by portfolio managers, thus making their cost structure more manageable. Despite the cost savings that AI services provide to customers, such services seem to struggle with customer adoption.

Customers appear to prefer hybrid models where they can search for information and compare products online, but are still able to contact human advisors before completing the final investment. AI advisory services do have some value, and the proof of this is measured by those willing to test out a robo-advisory service when they discover that one exists. They just aren’t willing to use it to make actual investments via online platforms. Pendergast and Auerswald admit that this is an area in which more work is needed in order to design AI so that the end result is more accessible for customers.

AI can support human advisors’ success
For now though, the industry experts believe that human financial advisors will still be needed alongside AI, both now and in the future. Pendergast said that AI is vastly more efficient than most other techniques, and therefore it can help financial advisors save a lot of time. Auerswald agrees that time delays when it comes to market analysis can be solved with AI. “One of the problems with the traditional way of working is the time it takes to analyse information. AI can make information more reliable, but the resources will be easier to see overall,” he stated.

Typically, a financial advisory role is a pretty hectic job. Accounting for clients’ income, expenditure, loans, taxes, and investment is not a straightforward task for a financial advisor. The calculations, and therefore the results, can be imperfect at times. All the above shortcomings can be easily overcome by using a mobile application backed by AI. In other words, financial advisors should be supported by technology – AI could be used to make sense of the research and other data that advisors don’t have time for. The very best technology is that which acts as a natural complement to our lives. That is what AI can do, because breaking down a variety of product options is a mammoth task that we are not necessarily best equipped to carry out.

Auerswald signalled that AI is likely to take over many organisations, as many people may choose this option over a paid financial advisor, since it’s much easier. He did mention, however, that people who don’t know how to make the correct financial decisions are destined to fail, even if they do use AI metrics. “Remember that AI is not exact, so it’ll become more popular, but coupling it with human financial advisors will continue to be the future of artificial intelligence,” he stated.

Healing the economic scars of the pandemic

The global finance industry may have survived the pandemic more or less intact, but now it finds itself in the forefront of a long recovery as gaping economic scars heal. And the wounds are deepest in those regions that were struggling even before the pandemic for what the International Monetary Fund describes as “strong, sustainable, job-rich and inclusive growth.” By general consent, the hardest-hit were the Middle East, North Africa and central Asia, most of which are burdened by large, relatively inefficient state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that were idled throughout the pandemic, draining state coffers and raising compelling issues for governments. Some countries in these regions have hundreds of SOEs while at least one, Azerbaijan, with a population of 10.25 million, has several thousand.

As global output collapsed by roughly three times more than during the financial crisis of 2008 (as well as in a much shorter period), the banks also found themselves supporting millions of privately owned companies, notably those in smaller tourism-dependent economies. As these regions fight back from the economic ravages of the pandemic, the finance industry has a huge window of opportunity. These institutions will be expected to back sovereign loans as governments raise money to restore their nations to a more secure footing while also providing finance for privately owned firms that, it is hoped, will emerge from the wreckage to take over the SOEs’ role and do it better. As an IMF study released in September points out, the recovery provides a golden opportunity to reform SOE-dominated economies. “These organisations are used for a wide range of purposes, including supplying basic goods and services, advancing strategic interests, addressing market inefficiencies, and meeting social objectives,” the IMF explains. “They are also involved in a wide range of activities that are often carried out by private firms in other regions – and they often act as the employer of first and last resort.”

An absence of information
In short, many of these sprawling organisations suffer from bloated staff numbers, endemic inefficiencies, poor corporate governance and confused functions, causing considerable damage to public finances. Overall, argues the IMF, the absence of proper information about non-financial SOEs, which is most of these organisations, means it is difficult to know whether “they contribute to economic development or impose a drag on the economy.”

But reform can start now. Starting with a forensic examination by each country of the role, functioning and cost of its SOEs, a consensus of economic organisations such as the IMF, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, World Bank and OECD recommend a wholesale spring clean of these unwieldy organisations. ‘Know what you own,’ is their collective advice.

As individual functions of SOEs are hopefully hived off to private enterprise, banks will be in a better position than government to provide start-up credit. And, given the vast sums of public money unconditionally sunk into support for SOEs, the banking industry will also be better placed to manage them out of debt.

Thus the industry faces nothing less than a societal mission in these regions. By rescuing SOEs and funding privately owned alternatives, the scars are forecast to heal more quickly. “Without resolute measures to address a growing divide between advanced and emerging economies, COVID-19 will continue to claim lives and destroy jobs, inflicting lasting damage to investment, productivity and growth in the most vulnerable countries,” fears IMF economic counsellor Gita Gopinath.

The most vulnerable countries are those with the least resilient economies. The numbers tell the story. The average fiscal deficit in the most advanced economies – generally, those that can tap cheap credit – rocketed to 9.9 percent, to 7.1 percent for emerging ones and to 5.2 percent for low-income nations. Yet, the most indebted countries will bounce back the soonest. Indeed they already are.

As a governor of the US Fed, Lael Brainard, rejoiced recently; “The economy is reopening, consumer spending is strong, and hundreds of thousands of workers are finding jobs in the hard-hit leisure and hospitality sector each month.” But the US can tap the cheapest credit and boasts the highly resilient, private sector-dominated economy that SOE-burdened countries lack. That’s why India, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand all announced an extra fiscal stimulus towards the end of 2021 that must be paid back eventually.

More vulnerable countries have been given lifelines. The IMF handed emergency funding of $117bn to 85 countries and another $50bn is speeding up lagging vaccination programmes, the essential first step to economic recovery. The Next Generation European Fund is boosting struggling EU member states with a further €750bn. And in August, $275bn out of the IMF’s general allocation of $650bn in Special Drawing Rights, the largest in history, was earmarked for emerging and developing countries. In the long run though, there is only so much that these lifelines can do without root-and-branch reform of many thousands of SOEs.